Tas Walker's Biblical Geology
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Sunday, 05 October 2025
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Australian geologists discuss the model.

In 1998 a discussion unfolded in the in-house journal of The Geological Society of Australia, after I sent the editor a short, simple letter advising them of the biblical geological model set out on this web site.

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Geologists discuss again

The creationists' "wacky" timescale

In 2001 two negative references were made to creationists in the The Australian Geologist, the first in a letter to the editor and the other in a short news item. When I responded another animated exchange took place.

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Date: 4/3/2005
Subject: creation

Just want to comment on your pleasant approach to this question. Other sites are so blatantly biased and emotional, that yours is a breath of fresh air.

Thanks.
DR


Sent: Sunday, January 09, 2005
Subject: Radiometric dating

Mr. Walker,
I am a Navy doctor who is researching creationism and evolution in my spare time. Concerning the geologic column, I assume that igneous rock within the different layers correlate to their estimated age, down to the 550 million year old Cambrian. Can you please explain why rock gives older ages the further down the column you go? Or am I making assumptions?

Thank you.
MR, Florida

See  The way it really is.
and  Q&A Topics--Radiometric Dating.


Sent: Friday, January 07, 2005
Subject: Enquiry

Dear Dr. Walker:
I am a recently-converted Bible-believing Christian, and have found the information on the Answers in Genesis extremely helpful on many occasions. I am not remotely a geologist, but having spent our honeymoon on some of the Hawaiian islands, I would be very interested to read a young-earth Creationist perspective on the formation of this wonderful volcanic island chain, since I would imagine that they are often used to illustrate the old earth paradigm. I would be very grateful if you could point me towards any appropriate web links - I have searched around, and also emailed the AIG website directly, but they were unaware of any.

With many thanks in advance,
RH, UK

Dear RH,

It was good to receive your email.

I was not able to quickly find anything specific about the Hawaiian islands from a creationist perspective. Generally, the relative timing of events as proposed by secular geologists is a reasonable starting point. They just have the absolute timing wrong because their dates are based on wrong assumptions.

I would speculate that the Hawaiian islands formed after the Flood. I.e. after the oceans floors had formed and flood water had returned to the sea. The the following links have material that mention them and would be relevant. These links show that there is really no problem explaining the islands and accepting that they are only a few thousand years old. See:
Surtsey Island.
Dragons
Volcanism
Radioactive dating--the way it works.

Secular geologists say the islands formed as a result of the Pacific plate moving over a stationary hot spot in the mantle. They say that as the plate moved the islands formed one after the other in a line. As the plate changed direction the line of islands changed direction.

Some creationist geologists accept the plate tectonic theory (greatly speeded up) but others don't. See the discussion at:
Permian extinction
Forum on plate tectonics.

I notice that some secular geologists are also skeptical of the hot spot idea.

I hope you have a very happy New Year.
Yours in Christ,
Tas Walker

Dear Tas,

Many thanks for taking the time to send this reply, which I found very interesting.
The Answers in Genesis site is an excellent resource, and I pray it will continue to be used to lead people to the truth.

The Lord be with you,
RH


Sent: Thursday, December 23, 2004
Subject: A question about rock formation

Greetings Tas!
I was directed to you by Answer's in Genesis. I have a question to ask about rock formation in the Grand Canyon. I got the book "A different View" for my father for Christmas and want to be prepared to answer any questions he may have. How were the many different layers formed that they find. There are so many different rock types and I am curious as to your understanding. Why are there such abrupt changes from one rock type to another? I apreciate any input you would have.

Blessings to you in Christ,
JF, USA

Hi JF,

Thanks for your email.

Probably the best creationist source about Grand Canyon is Steve Austin's book called Grand Canyon: Monument to Catastrophe

This book interprets each of the Grand Canyon strata in chapter 3 and then explains a creationist geologic view of how the strata were deposited in chapter 4.

Of course no one was present when it happened so Austin's model is an interpretation. Different creationists sometimes have different ideas. But Austin's model on page 69 of his book is a good explanation, suggesting that the strata were due to a huge flow of water onto the basement rock.

So the bottom layers start out coarse and bouldery because of the fast flowing water. Then they progressively become finer as you move up because the energy of the flow wanes. That is why the bottom layers are the Tapeats Sandston, changing into the Bright Angel Shale and then the Muav Limestone.

The abrupt changes are probably due to the water temporarily changing direction and bringing in material from a different source area. These generally erode the lower layers producing unconformities as occur between the Muav and Temple Butte strata. Then the same sequence can be seen again: coarse to fine.

All the best to you.
I hope your father enjoyed the book.
In Christ,
Tas Walker


Sent: Friday, December 24, 2004
Subject: Question

You wrote, "If the Bible taught that the world was millions of years old, we would believe that. However, the concept of millions of years of death and suffering contradicts the Word of God, and destroys the foundation of the Gospel of Christ."

I am sixteen years old, and I plan to be a Christian pastor, yet I disagree with what you said. Does this mean I am not a Christian? Now, the teaching that I have experienced is that the Bible is God-inspired Word. I believe this whole-heartedly. There is some definite history in the Bible, and there is an absolute plethora of valuable teachings. However, how do you know that God intended the creation story in Genesis to be taken literally?

[Tas] Well I wish you all the best as you seek to serve the Lord. I reckon the only way to know whether the creation account is literal is to make sure we understand what the Bible is saying. There are lots of good Bible reasons why Genesis is recording real history, e.g. Jesus referred to it as history, the Apostle Paul referred to it as history, and the other writers of the Old and New Testament referred to it as history. Don't take my word for it, check a concordance for names like Adam, Noah, Abel, Lot, etc and read the context of how they are referred to. I always encourage folk to check the Bible for themselves. If you show me that I'm wrong from the Word I'll gladly change my view. After all, no one knows everything and we are all fallen, fallible human beings.

In fact, how do you even know that God intended the entire Bible to be taken as literal history? If God really wanted to write a history book, then why are there gaps of time in the Bible? Why do we have to settle with mere genealogies instead of detailed history? Perhaps God thought that moralistic teachings were more important than history. I would agree; I enjoy ethics much more than history. Does this make me un-Christian? Be careful before you judge me.

[Tas] I'm not judging you and I'm sorry that you got that impression. However, the morality of the Bible depends on the Bible's history. If the Bible history is not true then its morality collapses.

So, it looks like you are taking the Bible absolutely literally. Does this mean that you believe four horses of different colors are going to invade the world? I would expect that you believe in the antichrist, war, famine, and death, rather than four literal horses. Am I right? Oops, if I am right, then it looks to me like you aren't a Bible-believing Christian anymore.

[Tas] The Book of Revelation explains itself that it contains a lot of symbols (e.g. Rev 1:20 'The seven stars are the angels ... and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.' That is quite different from the writing in the Gospels and the writing in the historical parts of the OT such as Genesis, Exodus, Ruth, Ezra, etc. where they describe events, people and places.

Have you heard of C.S. Lewis? It's a silly question; I know. You have hopefully read Mere Christianity a few times. However, have you read the Problem of Pain? I remember there being a chapter devoted to the possible origin of man that included original sin. Lewis didn't seem to believe in young-earth creationism. Why is that? Why would someone who is considered one of the greatest contributions to rational Christianity do such a thing? I assume you would say that "Satan got hold of him," or something of the sort. Now, why don't you let God be the judge? You wrote, "Sadly, the ones which cause most confusion and distress are those written by professing 'Bible-believers'."

Don't you understand that believing the Bible does not necessitate believing it as a science book or a history book? It seems to me that many people are thinking so much about which Christians are bad Christians that they forget about being good Christians themselves. I used to be that way, and I repent of my horridly disgusting pride. How dare I determine what it means to be a Christian? I am a mere human -- an imperfect being. So are you. Perhaps you should focus more on yourself, on repenting of sins, on following Christ's example.

[Tas] You have to decide for yourself who is teaching correctly and who is not. In fact, the Bible tells us to check everything. Even Paul corrected Peter (Gal 2:11) because he was wrong, but that does not mean Peter was not a Christian.

The quote above written by you has an interestingly condescending tone, and I just didn't respect such a tone coming from a fellow human — a fellow imperfect being. We are supposed to be brothers in Christ; is that not true? How can brothers in Christ be so set on banishing each other out of the brotherhood of God? Would Christ teach this? Was Christ focused on teaching His apostles and the rest of the world how to interpret Genesis? Or was He focused on teaching our hearts? He seemed much more concerned with the fact that we are supposed to believe God created us and that Christ is the Son of God, followed by His focus on defeating spiritual sins. Am I right?

[Tas] Tone is a subjective thing but correct teaching can be judged objectively against the Word. I suppose Peter may have been a bit offended when Paul corrected him. I'm sorry if it came across as condescending, but I hope that does not stop you evaluating whether what I said was correct. I have found in my life that I have never appreciated being corrected by people at the time, but in hindsight I have appreciated what they have said to me and that they took the time and courage to do it. So be encouraged.

Before I end this, I have a couple more things to note. Mainly, I would request that you refrain from replying in a condescending manner because I am young.

Job 32:8-9:    8 But it is the spirit in a man, the breath of the Almighty, that gives him understanding.   9 It is not only the old who are wise, not only the aged who understand what is right. (from New International Version)

1 Tim 4:12   12 Don't let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in speech, in life, in love, in faith and in purity. (from New International Version)

[Tas] Yes, these are encouraging verses for young people and I pray you will be greatly used of the Lord.

You may be wondering what my beliefs as a Christian are. My dad was raised Methodist, and my mom was raised Catholic. Some of my family members are Lutheran, and others are Baptist, while my mom's side is Catholic. However, my mom, dad, brother, and myself are all nondenominational Christians.

Even so, we are not Unitarian. If you would like to see what we believe, then look around here: [web address deleted]

For a more specific statement of beliefs, look here: [web address deleted]

So, am I, my family, and my entire church a group of 'Bible-believing' heretics? Are we wolves in sheep's clothing? Are we false prophets?

[Tas] I checked out the web site for your church and it looks pretty exciting. Seems to me from a quick surf of the site that it is a good place for you to be.

In Christ,
ZS


Sent: Thursday, 13 January 2005
Subject: RE: Question

Dear Tas,

Thank you very much for the reply. For the most part, I was playing devil's advocate with that e-mail. You were probably surprised to see that I went to that church, since my church is quite conservative, and my reply was superficially liberal. Now, all I really wanted to do with that e-mail was to see how you would respond to the liberal-minded Christians. I've been reading a lot of Norman Geisler lately, who is also rather conservative, and I tend to agree with virtually everything he says. Of course, while C.S. Lewis has written masterful works, I do not agree with theistic evolution, which Lewis favored.

I understand your viewpoint, and I respect it vastly. There is one part of your reply that I tend to debate myself with sometimes, however. What evidence is there that Christ and Paul actually referred to those people as real people? I mean, I'm not saying they didn't; I just want to see the evidence for myself.

Thanks again for this reply; it helped. I pray that you continue to serve the Lord with all your might.

In Christ,
ZS

Hi ZS,

Yes, I was very pleased to see that you went to that church and a bit surprised. All the material on the web seemed good but you seemed so confused that it did not add up. It is good that you want to see the evidence for yourself. In fact, it is vital not to just accept what people say but check it with the Word of God.

There is a lot of evidence that the New Testament writers believed the events recorded in the Old Testament were real events involving real people. Too much, in fact, for me to list it all here, but I will mention some.

Matt 23:35 Jesus refers to Abel as a real person.

Matt 24:35 Jesus refers to Noah as a real person and the Flood as a real event, comparing them with his second coming which will also be a real event.

Mark 10:6 Jesus refers to Adam and Eve (not by name) and says that the first two people were male and female and they were present at the beginning of creation (in other words, Jesus accepted a young age for the earth, not an age of billions of years--if the world is billions of years old the first man and woman did not appear until the 'end' of creation).

Luke 3: 22-38. This genealogy of Jesus obviously has real people in it but it goes back to Adam and the patriarchs before the Flood, and to God. Luke gives no indication that some of these people were unreal, mythological people.

Romans 5:12-19 Paul compares Christ with Adam. His comparison would seem silly if Adam was not a real person who did the things that are recorded of him in Genesis. I.e. if Adam was not real then was Christ not real either? If Adam did not literally die does that mean that Christ did not literally rise from the dead?

1 Cor 15:21-22. Paul compares Christ and Adam and obviously considers both were real people.

Hebrews 11. The writer refers to a lot of people we would consider to be real people (David, Gideon, Sampson, etc.). But he also refers to Abel, Enoch and Noah and he obviously considered they were real too. He gives no hint that they were mythological people.

2 Peter 2:4-10. Peter speaks of Noah, Sodom and Gomorrah in a way that treats both as real people involved in real events as recorded in Genesis.

Jude v7. Speaks of Sodom & Gomorrah. V11 of Cain and Balaam. V 14 of Enoch and Adam. All treated as equally real people. Interesting he refers to Enoch as 7th from Adam which gives a strong evidence that there were no gaps in the genealogies. If you count Enoch in the Genesis or Chronicles genealogy you will see that he is 7th from Adam.

These are not all the references. You can find others by using a concordance or a Bible search program on your computer.

All the best and God bless you,

Tas

 
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